There are many directives and regulations in Europe for goods which demand a conformity assessment and thus, must be marked with a CE. These legislation can be found in the NANDO database along with certifying bodies.
With this, the CE for a medical device cannot be easily distinguished per se from a CE of a toy, other than from its aspect and intended use.
For higher risk medical devices, i.e. other than Class I medical devices, a Notified Body is needed to assess the conformity of the product against the MDR 2017/745 or IVDR 2017/746. Doing so, the manufacturer of the medical device has to state next to the CE-mark the identification number of the Notified Body, which is a 4-digit number.